Automotive technology

FILE – In this June 26, 2018 file photo, a Nissan Leaf charges at a recharge station while parked by the Denver City County Building in downtown Denver. The Colorado Air Quality Control Commission approved a new regulation on Friday, Aug. 16, 2019, requiring that at least 5% of the vehicles sold in the state by 2023 emit zero pollution. The rule approved Friday by the state Air Quality Control Commission applies to auto manufactures, not buyers. It's intended to boost the number of electric vehicles in a state struggling to control air pollution in heavily populated areas. (AP Photo/David Zalubowski, File)

Ford CEO Jim Hackett, right, and Volkswagen CEO Herbert Diess participate in a news conference in New York, Friday, July 12, 2019. Volkswagen will sink $2.6 billion into a Pittsburgh autonomous vehicle company that's mostly owned by Ford as part of a broader partnership on electric and self-driving vehicles, the companies confirmed Friday. (AP Photo/Seth Wenig)

FILE - In this Jan. 7, 2019, file photo a Harley-Davidson Motorcycles LiveWire electric motorcycle is on display during a Panasonic news conference at CES International in Las Vegas. Harley Davidson is hoping to appeal to a younger demographic as it launches its first electric motorcycle. (AP Photo/John Locher, File)

FILE - In this file photo dated Thursday, March 28, 2019, the Ford Motor company logo at the auto show in Denver, USA. Carmaker Ford said Thursday June 27, 2019, it is shedding 12,000 jobs in Europe as it streamlines operations in the region to increase profitability. (AP Photo/David Zalubowski)

In this Saturday June 15, 2019 photo customers leave an Apple store on the 3rd Street Promenade in Santa Monica, Calif. Apple has bought a struggling self-driving car startup as the iPhone maker continues to explore the potential market for robotic vehicles, despite recently curtailing its work on the technology. The Cupertino, Calif., company confirmed its acquisition of Drive.ai Wednesday, June 26, without disclosing the price. (AP Photo/Richard Vogel)

FILE - This Tuesday, May 8, 2018, file photo shows a Waymo logo displayed on the window of a car at the Google I/O conference in Mountain View, Calif. Self-driving car pioneer Waymo is teaming up with automakers Renault and Nissan to make its first journey outside the U.S. with a ride-hailing service that will dispatch a fleet of robotaxis in France and Japan. (AP Photo/Jeff Chiu, File)

This undated product image provided by Volvo Cars shows the Volvo XC90 SUV. Uber is teaming with Volvo Cars to launch its newest self-driving vehicle. The ride-hailing company said Wednesday, June 12, 2019, that it can easily install its self-driving system in the Volvo XC90 SUV. (Volvo Cars via AP)

FILE - In this March 14, 2019 file photo, Tesla CEO Elon Musk speaks before unveiling the Model Y at the company's design studio in Hawthorne, Calif. Musk will face the electric car maker's shareholders during the company's annual meeting on Tuesday, June 11. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong, File)